Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller was born in Marbach, Württemberg, of Lutheran parents. In this work about the love of a young aristocrat for a girl of humble origin, Schiller’s innate sense of drama comes to the fore. The appeal of its theme (the revolt of elemental human feeling against the artificialities of convention), the vigour of its social criticism, and the vitality of its dialogue and characters combine to make Kabale und Liebe great theatre. Goethe's residence in Weimar was a main reason for Schiller's move there, from Jena with his family, in 1799. Prezi Video + Unsplash: Access over two million images to tell your story through video Late Work and Death After completing a tragic trilogy based on the Thirty Years War (the 1618–1648) war of religion between Protestants and Catholics fought mainly in Germany but involving most of the major powers in Europe) that critics have compared with the dramas of Shakespeare, Schiller's correspondence with Goethe flourished, and Schiller eventually joined Goethe in Weimar, which was known as the “German Athens” because its ruler, Karl August, had succeeded in making it a center of art and culture. Oxford: Clarendon, 1969. The iron necessity of man's daily existence degraded him, said Schiller, and utility became the idol of the masses. During his lifetime, he was lauded as one of the figures who raised the stature of German literature. © 2019 Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. Central to Schiller's first three dramas is the question of freedom: The Robbers, in which the play's hero escapes corrupt society by fleeing to the Bohemian forests and becomes a type of German Robin Hood; Fiesco; or, The Genoese Conspiracy (1783), a tragedy with the theme of struggle against oppression; and Intrigue and Love, another tragedy that calls for freedom of the individual amidst political and social opposition. His compositions include the “Paris” Symphony (1778) and the opera The Marriage of Figaro (1786). World Encyclopedia. His theory of the sublime in tragedy claims that tragedy mediates an experience of transcendence derived from the awareness that human beings may assert their moral freedom even while being physically destroyed (see in particular "Über das Pathetische" [On tragic pity]). https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/schiller-johann-christoph-friedrich-von-1759-1805, https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/schiller-friedrich-von. His father, Johannes Kaspar Schiller, was an officer and surgeon. There he finished his third tragedy, Kabale und Liebe (1784; Cabal and Love). Friedrich Schiller wurde am 10. Johann Kaspar Schiller and his wife, Dorothea. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. . Denmark Vesey (1767–1822): This West Indian slave plotted a rebellion in Charleston, South Carolina, and along the Carolina coast, which was supposed to happen on July 14, 1822. Although he completed other works before his death, Schiller's literary output was interrupted by illness, and he died in Weimar on May 9, 1805. Within the “Cite this article” tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. Schiller besaß fünf Geschwi… When Gessler, the governor, brutally interferes with life and nature, the Swiss, and with them Wilhelm Tell, fight for family and freedom. Retrieved December 19, 2020 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/schiller-friedrich-von. Cambridge, U.K., and New York, 1991. ——. Johann Friedrich Von Schiller Comment this quote | Permalink | Vote for this quote | 331 votes A noble heart will always capitulate to reason. GOETHE, JOHANN WOLFGANG VON (1749–1832; elevated to the nobil…, Novalis (Friedrich Leopold von Hardenberg; 1772–1802) Schiller, Johann Christoph Friedrich Von (1759–1805) This movie depicts life and war in thirteenth-century Scotland. ——. To give him time to recuperate at leisure, two Danish patrons granted him a generous pension for three years. Against the wishes of the parents, who had hoped to have their son trained for the ministry, the Duke decreed that young Friedrich was to prepare for the study of law; later, however, he was allowed to transfer to medicine. Schiller, however, proved that Germany could compete with—and in some ways surpass—the creative and intellectual achievements of any other country. Koopmann, Helmut, ed. ——. Nevertheless, the first performance (Jan. 13, 1782) at the National Theatre at Mannheim created a sensation; it was a milestone in the history of the German theatre. Even the German language itself was the cause of considerable debate, as some scholars asserted that the German tongue was not fit to be an agent of literary expression. More brilliantly than any of his predecessors, he revealed the power of drama and poetry in expressing a philosophy that emphasized both his idealism and his concern for human freedom. Er gilt als einer der bedeutendsten deutschsprachigen Dramatiker, Lyriker … After the academy was moved to Stuttgart, Schiller endured five more years of harsh discipline there. In the nineteenth century, critics admired Schiller's taste and feeling and his concern for human freedom. Schiller, Johann Christoph Friedrich von For the first time, too, Schiller accomplished the presentation of a perfectly drawn and perfectly convincing noblewoman. An important correspondence between the two poets followed. In spite of the initial distance between them, Goethe had recommended Schiller for appointment to a professorship of history at the University of Jena, Schiller having presented the requisite credentials in his Geschichte des Abfalls der vereinigten Niederlande von der spanischen Regierung (1788; “History of the Revolt of the United Netherlands against the Spanish Government”). The German writer Achim von Arnim (1781-1831) is known chiefly for his novels and his edition of German folk songs. Fiesko contemplates the idea that it is great to win a crown but that it is divine to be able to cast it off. Schiller's intent in the play was to concentrate his passion for morality in a more theatrically dramatic—as opposed to reactive—fashion in order to present the tragic defeat of idealism by conspiracy and deception. Mary's death is subject not to "poetic justice" but to the justice of human conscience. Schiller's next play, Die Jungfrau von Orleans (1801), is his poetically richest drama. Karlsschule was located in Stuttgart (a city in Württemberg) and was a rigidly disciplined academy established to train the sons of German army officers for public service. Schiller's intellectual superiority and creative passion were cause for national pride; for instance, his birthday was declared a national holiday, streets and schools were named after him, and his works were adopted as part of Germany's educational curriculum. On July 20, 1794, after a meeting in Jena of a nature society of which both were honorary members, Goethe went to Schiller's house to continue a discussion on the interpretation of natural phenomena, the metamorphosis of plants, and the interrelationship or separation between idea and experience. the beginning of a succession of agonizing debts that characterized Schiller's early career. German Significance Though the reverence Germany has bestowed upon Schiller might seem excessive, the cultural, artistic, and historical opinion of the country that influenced his writing during the eighteenth century helps provide an explanation. Schiller, Friedrich. (December 19, 2020). Reason Johann Friedrich Von Schiller Comment this quote | Permalink | Vote for this quote | 284 votes All things must; man is the only creature that wills. Just as the stage had changed into a tribunal in his famous poem Die Kraniche des Ibykus, so to him true art changes into higher reality. Nevertheless, most commentators agree that Schiller's themes and concerns, including political and individual freedom, the complexity of human endeavor, and the struggle between the rational and sensual aspects of the self are remarkably prescient of twentiethand twenty-first-century concerns. Schiller created the character of Wilhelm Tell as a manly hero without making him into a leader. Johann Christoph Friedrich Schiller, ab 1802 von Schiller (* 10. Carlyle, Thomas. ." Updates? Birth and Education Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller was born on November 10, 1759, in Mar-bach, Germany, to an army captain and an innkeeper's daughter. Having endured the irksome regimentation at the academy for eight years, Schiller left to take up an appointment as an assistant medical officer to a Stuttgart regiment. Il professore che più influenzò Schiller fu però Jakob Friedrich von Abel (1751-1829) insegnante di filosofia e psicologia: fu proprio Abel a destare in Schiller l'interesse sia per la nascente psicologia del tempo, che egli stesso promuoveva, sia per quella che oggi verrebbe chiamata psichiatria forense o, più precisamente, psicopatologia delle menti criminali. Art, said Schiller, teaches man how to overcome his desires. Mary remains a noble and tragic character right up to the scaffold. "Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller Gale Contextual Encyclopedia of World Literature, GOETHE, JOHANN WOLFGANG VON (1749–1832; elevated to the nobility as von Goethe in 1782) Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. Compare the early and later works of one of your favorite authors in a paper. https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/johann-christoph-friedrich-von-schiller, "Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller ." Schiller's Sturm und Drang work, however, mellowed with age, and his later pieces are well-planned, reasoned, and articulate expressions of neoclassical ideals and philosophical exploration. Description and history. Other useful studies include Henry B. Garland's three works, Schiller (1949), Schiller Revisited (1959), and Schiller: The Dramatic Writer (1969); Ernst L. Stahl, Friedrich Schiller's Drama: Theory and Practice (1954); William F. Mainland, Schiller and the Changing Past (1957); and the essay on Schiller in Thomas Mann, Last Essay… diffuse, and romantic not only in regard to the material itself but also in regard to the poetic character of the heroine. Schiller could therefore claim to have written in defense of law and morality. His fourth play, Don Carlos, Infant von Spanien (1787; Don Carlos, infante of Spain), anticipates his later dramas in its use of blank verse and concern with historical and public themes. (December 19, 2020). Schiller's work as a poet and dramatist falls into two distinct periods: before 1789 and from the mid-1790s to his death. It brought him both public acclaim and the wrath of the duke, who forbade him to write anything except medical treatises. In 1794 he formed a friendship and alliance with Goethe based on shared convictions about the enduring validity of classical principles in art and about the centrality of art as a human activity. He attended the duke's military academy, the Karlsschule, near Stuttgart for two years. Retrieved December 19, 2020 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/johann-christoph-friedrich-von-schiller. His Geschichte des dreissigjährigen Krieges (1791–93; “History of the Thirty Years’ War”) further enhanced his prestige as a historian; later it also provided him with the material for his greatest drama, Wallenstein, published in 1800. Goethe, who was in Italy at the time, returned to Weimar in the following year. . Afterward more than 500 students paid homage to the poet, but at later lectures the number of students in attendance dwindled considerably. This work of historical fiction is told from the perspective of Anne Boleyn's sister Mary, who was King Henry VIII's mistress before he married Anne. The rest of his life was a losing battle, fought with superb fortitude, against the inexorable advance of disease.