dernier métro ligne 4

Entreprise publique, la Société de transport de Montréal assure les besoins de mobilité de la population en offrant un réseau de transport collectif de bus et métro. Although rolling stock for the automated line has not yet been confirmed, it is highly speculated that Line 4 will initially see a mix of MP 89CA and MP 05 stock from Line 14 running alongside new MP 14 railcars. [10], Since its opening the only change of the route of the line took place in early October 1977 with the deviation of the line with the relocation of the station at Les Halles. 40 min en moyenne Heure du premier métro Ligne 4. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Horaires premier et dernier métro ligne 4. Cuisine du sud ouest qui met à l'honneur les recettes typiques du pays basque, la carte choisit les meilleurs produits de cette région et varie en fonction des producteurs locaux. Mais le trafic a repris. Métro de Paris Ligne 4 la ligne 4 du métro de Paris part de la station de Porte de Clignancourt jusquâà la mairie de Montrouge. After the opening of Mairie de Montrouge, Line 4 will be extended further south by two stations: Barbara at the frontier between Montrouge and Bagneux (in Montrouge) and Bagneux - Lucie Aubrac. On the morning of 24 January 1910, a significant inflow of water at the Seine crossing interrupted services between Châtelet and Vavin, although services were restored later in the day. [9] In February 1971, line 4 was the second network after line 11 to be equipped with semi-automatic operation, with a system known as Grecque ("Greek"). It therefore decided to equip lines 1 and 4 for rubber-tyre operations, which can increase line capacity by providing better acceleration and decelerations as a result of a much superior grip. Porte de Clignancourt â Mairie de Montrouge : 5h30 Mairie de Montrouge â Porte de Clignancourt : 5h30 Bagneux - Lucie Aubrac will also allow connection to the Red Line (now known as Line 15) of the Grand Paris Express network. The crossing of the Seine also involved the freezing of saturated ground between the station of Saint-Michel and the Seine, under the line of the Chemin de Fer de Paris à Orléans (now RER line C) in 1908 and 1909. Parlons-Nous La page ... Paris : la ligne 14 va devenir "la colonne vertébrale" du métro, ... dont l'automatisation de la ligne 4, et les extensions des lignes 11 et 12. Le premier métro sur la ligne 4 part des stations Porte de Clignancourt et Mairie de Montrouge à 5:30 dans les 2 directions chaque jour, weekend inclus. La ligne de métro E, imaginée par les équipes de Gérard Collomb pour desservir le même secteur, nâest pas abandonnée. On 3 October 1966, the first train composed of MP 59 electric multiple units operated on the line. France-Soir vous propose de suivre, en temps réel, l'info trafic RATP de la ligne 4 du métro parisien. They were replaced by the MP 89 CC stock from Line 1 when the latter line was automatised. Situated mostly within the boundaries of the City of Paris, it connects Porte de Clignancourt in the north and Mairie de Montrouge in the south, travelling across the heart of the city. Le service est prolongé dâune heure tous les vendredis, samedis et veilles de fêtes : il faut donc ajouter 1h aux derniers trains dans le tableau ci-dessous pour ces jours-là (vous pourrez rentrer 1h plus-tard sans avoir à prendre de taxiâ¦). The last MP 59 train to be pulled from service was #6021, which was withdrawn on 21 December 2012. In 1905 construction was started by the company of Léon Chagnaud—a former mason from Creuse (a department with a tradition of supplying building workers in France)—and line 4 became the first to cross the Seine underground. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Horaires premier et dernier métro ligne 4 (direction Montrouge & Pte de Clignancourt) à Paris, en semaine / week-end / jour férié, et des correspondances. Second level maintenance is handled at the Saint-Ouen shops, located just to the north of the Porte de Clignancourt terminus (and its northern loops). Mais il faudra être patient. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. En cas de grève, de ralentissements ponctuels, accidents voyageurs ou toutes autres perturbations: ces événements susceptibles d'impacter la ponctualité sont recensés par les comptes Twitter tenus par les agents RATP et mis à jour en temps réel. But as a result of the delay in beginning the extension of the Rue de Rennes as part of Haussmann's plan to the Seine—which was never carried out—and the outcry from the academics who refused categorically to agree to the line passing under the Institut de France, the route was eventually changed to cross further east through the Place du Châtelet and the Île de la Cité. In October, 2011, the STIF announced that construction of the Bagneux extension will begin in 2014, with opening expected in 2019 [3]. As the MP 05 rolling stock began to debut on Line 1, the pace of transferring the MP 89CC stock from Line 1 to Line 4 increased to roughly 3 trains per month. Semaine et Dimanche soir Vendredi soir et Samedi soir Direction Premier train Dernier train Dernier train Porte d'Orléans 5H30 00H47 1H47 Porte de Clignancourt 5H30 00H47 1H47 Ces horaires de la ligne 4 indiquent lâheure de départ du premier et du dernier métro dans chacun des sens à partir de la première station. However, as this change alone was insufficient to overcome this saturation, the length of stations was lengthened from 75 to 90 metres, allowing the lengthening of train from five to six carriages. ... Nos agents en station sont à votre service pour vous donner les horaires de passage du dernier train station par station et vous renseigner plus précisément. The fire was extinguished by fire fighters at around 6:00 pm.[12]. The fall in the level of flooding during February allowed a gradual resumption of operations, but full service was not restored to 6 April after repair of extensive damage caused to the infrastructure. Lignes 1 et 5 : Elles parcourent Bruxelles dâest en ouest. Further, it is the second-busiest Métro line after Line 1, carrying over 154 million passengers in 2004. The package exploded, killing the chief supervisor and another officer and wounding four passengers. Métro ligne 4 : fermetures en soirée et le dimanche jusqu'au 17 décembre 2020. The roof of the Simplon station was hit by a bomb and it collapsed on the tracks and platforms. Confortement des carrières sous la station Barbara - oct 2016 . Au cÅur de Paris, installez-vous Au dernier métro ! The automation of Line 1 and purchasing of new automated rolling stock (the MP 05) allowed the RATP to replace the MP 59 with the MP 89CC rolling stock from Line 1. Dernier replay. As of 2007, 60 officers are assigned to train maintenance and 220 to the maintenance of equipment. Quel est le dernier métro ligne 6 ? [14] However no detailed studies have been carried out nor finance set aside for it. Sa femme Marion Steiner dirige le théâtre et engage Bernard Granger, transfuge du Grand Guignol. Testing of the MP 89 during overnight hours took place in 2010, with the first train (#01) to be transferred to Line 4 in April, 2011 and enter service on 23 May 2011. Le service est prolongé dâune heure tous les vendredis, samedis et veilles de fêtes : il faut donc ajouter 1h aux derniers trains dans le tableau ci-dessous pour ces jours-là (vous pourrez rentrer 1h plus-tard sans avoir à prendre de taxiâ¦). The line is being converted to an automated system (like Line 1), with completion initially expected by 2019. Carte à télécharger en PDF ou à imprimer présentant toutes les stations de la 4. For this, three hundred and thirty meters of tunnel were built to join the old route. Since January, 2012, the RATP kept this rate of transfer (increasing the rate to 4 trains during November and December) despite only being able to remove 2 MP 59 trainsets from service each month. En semaine, le métro fonctionne de 5H17 à 0h30 à la Gare Lille Flandres. These cookies do not store any personal information. [6], During the politically turbulent 1930s, Line 4 had its own drama: on 27 July 1934, a package left in a carriage was carried into the office of its chief supervisor, located on the platform of Montparnasse. Elles soâ¦ La ligne 4 du métro finira bien par passer par Bagneux, dans les Hauts-de-Seine. [17] A mix of passenger and driverless trains will start in 2020 and the line will be fully driverless by 2022.[17]. Dernier Métro Ligne 4. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Until 2013, Line 4 was one of a few lines (the others being semi-circular lines 2 and 6, as well as Line 14) that had never been extended beyond the "gates" of Paris. Lien partagé depuis Horaires métro. Barbara will also have a traditional two-track configuration, while Bagneux - Lucie Aubrac will have a three-track/dual platform configuration by which many terminating stations possess. [18][19], The rubber tyre metro and the deviation of the line, Compagnie du chemin de fer métropolitain de Paris, Conservatoire National des Arts et Metiers, New Urbanist Memes for Transit-Oriented Teens, "Historique du métro (History of the metro)", "L'incendie de deux rames de métro de la ligne 4 à la station Simplon le 6 août 2006", http://www.ratp.fr/fr/ratp/c_5097/actualites/, "Développer le réseau pour accompagner le projet urbain (Expand the network to support urban development)", http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/ratp-cleared-to-automate-paris-metro-line-4.html, http://www.lefigaro.fr/societes/2013/04/02/20005-20130402ARTFIG00282-la-ratp-prepare-l-automatisation-de-la-ligne-4-du-metro-parisien.php, "Siemens to equip Line 4 of the Metro Paris for driverless operation", "Meet the 61,000 Transit Nerds of Facebook's 'New Urbanist Memes for Transit-Oriented Teens, Interactive Map of the RER (from RATP's website), Interactive Map of the Paris métro (from RATP's website), Mobidf website, dedicated to the RER (unofficial), Metro-Pole website, dedicated to Paris public transports (unofficial), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paris_Métro_Line_4&oldid=984003688, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. All heavy maintenance work for the MP 89CC trainsets are handled in the workshops of Fontenay, located just east of the Chateau de Vincennes terminus of Line 1. Avec plus de 12 km de voie, la ligne 4 du Métro est la deuxième ligne la plus fréquentée de Paris. The ends of the caissons were blocked and they were towed to their location before being ballasted with water and sunk in the riverbed. [5], The northern section was the first completed: it was opened on 21 April 1908 from Porte de Clignancourt to Châtelet. Plan Ligne 2 Métro de Paris Découvrez le plan détaillé [â¦] A chamber filled with pressurised air was built at the lower level of these caissons so that workers could excavate under the caissons. It now serves the new southern terminus of Mairie de Montrouge. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. Métro ligne 4: horaires premier et dernier métro. Au Dernier Métro - 70 boulevard de Grenelle, 75015 Paris, France - Rated 4.7 based on 58 Reviews "I love the place! The line is now being retrofitted for full automation, with completion expected in the early 2020s. Both Porte d'Orléans and Porte de Clignancourt also contain loop tracks where trains can be stored overnight (although many trains are stored within the main tunnels due to a lack of a sufficient garage). [15] The initial plans were to begin conversion some time after the completion of the Line 1 conversion, but due to high costs those plans were put on hold (From fr:Ligne 4 du métro de Paris). After repairs the line was brought back into service a few days later. On 17 July 1967, the last steel-wheeled train left the line to strengthen the service of other with a hundred cars built before 1914 scrapped. At 12.1 km (7.5 mi) in length, it connects to all of the lines of the Métro apart from the 3bis and 7bis branch lines, as well as all of the RER express lines. Over the years, Line 4 has seen the following rolling stock. .mw-parser-output .RMbox{box-shadow:0 2px 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.14),0 1px 5px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.12),0 3px 1px -2px rgba(0,0,0,.2)}.mw-parser-output .RMinline{float:none;width:100%;margin:0;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.routemap{padding:0;border:0;border-collapse:collapse;background:transparent;white-space:nowrap;line-height:1.2;margin:auto}.mw-parser-output table.routemap .RMcollapse{margin:0;border-collapse:collapse;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output table.routemap .RMreplace{margin:0;border-collapse:collapse;vertical-align:middle;position:absolute;bottom:0}.mw-parser-output table.routemap .RMsi{display:inline;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output table.routemap .RMl1{padding:0 3px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.routemap .RMr1{padding:0 3px;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.routemap .RMl{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.routemap .RMr{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.routemap .RMl4{padding:0 3px 0 0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.routemap .RMr4{padding:0 0 0 3px;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.routemap>tbody>tr{line-height:1}.mw-parser-output table.routemap>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output table.RMcollapse>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output table.RMreplace>tbody>tr>td{padding:0;width:auto;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .RMir>div{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;padding:0;height:20px;min-height:20px}.mw-parser-output .RMir img{height:initial!important;max-width:initial!important}.mw-parser-output .RMir .RMov{position:relative}.mw-parser-output .RMir .RMov .RMic,.mw-parser-output .RMir .RMov .RMtx{position:absolute;left:0;top:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .RMir .RMtx{line-height:20px;height:20px;min-height:20px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .RMir .RMsp{height:20px;min-height:20px}.mw-parser-output .RMir .RMtx>abbr,.mw-parser-output .RMir .RMtx>div{line-height:.975;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .RMir .RMts{font-size:90%;transform:scaleX(.89)}.mw-parser-output .RMir .RMf_{height:5px;min-height:5px;width:20px;min-width:20px}.mw-parser-output .RMir .RMfm{height:100%;min-height:100%;width:4px;min-width:4px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .RMir .RMo{width:2.5px;min-width:2.5px}.mw-parser-output .RMir .RMc{width:5px;min-width:5px}.mw-parser-output .RMir .RMoc{width:7.5px;min-width:7.5px}.mw-parser-output .RMir .RMd{width:10px;min-width:10px}.mw-parser-output .RMir .RMod{width:12.5px;min-width:12.5px}.mw-parser-output .RMir .RMcd{width:15px;min-width:15px}.mw-parser-output .RMir .RMocd{width:17.5px;min-width:17.5px}.mw-parser-output .RMir .RM_{width:20px;min-width:20px}.mw-parser-output .RMir .RM_o{width:22.5px;min-width:22.5px}.mw-parser-output .RMir .RM_c{width:25px;min-width:25px}.mw-parser-output .RMir .RM_oc{width:27.5px;min-width:27.5px}.mw-parser-output .RMir .RM_d{width:30px;min-width:30px}.mw-parser-output .RMir .RM_od{width:32.5px;min-width:32.5px}.mw-parser-output .RMir .RM_cd{width:35px;min-width:35px}.mw-parser-output .RMir .RM_ocd{width:37.5px;min-width:37.5px}.mw-parser-output .RMir .RMb{width:40px;min-width:40px}.mw-parser-output .RMir .RMcb{width:45px;min-width:45px}.mw-parser-output .RMir .RMdb{width:50px;min-width:50px}.mw-parser-output .RMir .RMcdb{width:55px;min-width:55px}.mw-parser-output .RMir .RM_b{width:60px;min-width:60px}.mw-parser-output .RMir .RM_cb{width:65px;min-width:65px}.mw-parser-output .RMir .RM_db{width:70px;min-width:70px}.mw-parser-output .RMir .RM_cdb{width:75px;min-width:75px}.mw-parser-output .RMir .RMs{width:80px;min-width:80px}.mw-parser-output .RMir .RMds{width:90px;min-width:90px}.mw-parser-output .RMir .RM_s{width:100px;min-width:100px}.mw-parser-output .RMir .RM_ds{width:110px;min-width:110px}.mw-parser-output .RMir .RMbs{width:120px;min-width:120px}.mw-parser-output .RMir .RMdbs{width:130px;min-width:130px}.mw-parser-output .RMir .RM_bs{width:140px;min-width:140px}.mw-parser-output .RMir .RM_dbs{width:150px;min-width:150px}.mw-parser-output .RMir .RMw{width:160px;min-width:160px}.mw-parser-output .RMir .RM_w{width:180px;min-width:180px}.mw-parser-output .RMir .RMbw{width:200px;min-width:200px}.mw-parser-output .RMir .RM_bw{width:220px;min-width:220px}.mw-parser-output .RMir .RMsw{width:240px;min-width:240px}.mw-parser-output .RMir .RM_sw{width:260px;min-width:260px}.mw-parser-output .RMir .RMbsw{width:280px;min-width:280px}.mw-parser-output .RMir .RM_bsw{width:300px;min-width:300px}. Those trains were withdrawn from service during the course of 2011 and 2012 after 45 years (with some being in service for 50 years). The installation of two refrigeration plants allowed the movement of brine cooled to −25 °C in dozens of tubes to stabilize the ground. 1. Dans la partie la plus centrique de Bruxelles, toutes les lignes vont de deux en deux, ce qui revient à dire quâil nây a que 3 lignes, ce qui sâavère très souvent insuffisant. IDF Métro 4 logo.svg 403 × 116; 6 KB Logo IdFM Métro 4.svg 116 × 116; 3 KB Malcuit - Métropolitain de Paris - Souterrain construit sur caisson à air comprimé.JPG 1,660 × 1,041; 312 KB Elle fut ouverte pour la première fois en 1906 sous le nom de Deux sud avant dâêtre jumelée à la ligne 5. Consultez le plan de la ligne 4 du métro parisien. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. la ligne 4 traverse la capitale du nord au [â¦] (From fr:Ligne 4 du métro de Paris). Et le samedi, la ligne 1 fonctionne 1 heure de plus, avec un dernier départ à 1H30 de la Gare Lille Flandres. Metro line 4 passes near several places of interest and therefore often crowded : According to Facebook group New Urbanist Memes for Transit-Oriented Teens, M4 is considered "chaotic good" on the Dungeons & Dragons (D&D) alignment system. The two sections were connected on 9 January 1910. But the inflow increased and services were again halted in the afternoon. #45 was transferred on 3 January 2013, marking the 47th train to be moved to Line 4. The final MP 89CC train was be #26. Interconnexions : Métro ligne 8 et ligne 10 - Bus 80 : Gaumont , [DL 1945] Dernier métro (1945) [S.l.] A second train (#44) entered service on 10 September 2011. Between February and March 2013, #s 02, 46, 47, and 50 were transferred. Platform 2 of the station (in the direction of Porte de Clignancourt contains inspection pits, which allow routine light maintenance work and troubleshooting of the first level. Until March, 2013; light maintenance of the MP 89CC rolling stock of Line 4 was handled within the station of Porte d'Orléans (CDT). On the first night, the new track 2 was connected, on the second night, the new track 1 was built and on the last night it was connected. On s'en doutait depuis le déconfinement, c'est désormais confirmé. [11], On 6 August 2005 at 4:42 pm, a fire on a train at Simplon due to the malfunction of a circuit breaker caused the evacuation of two MP 59 trains with 19 people mildly affected. Saint-Germain des Prés quarter with its church and famous cafés. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. In addition to the Montrouge extension, there has recently been a much-needed refresh in rolling stock for Line 4, as the MP 59 trainsets were reaching the end of their useful lives. La ligne 4 du métro a été interrompue plusieurs heures entre Montrouge (Hauts-de-Seine) et Paris jeudi 3 décembre 2020. On the night of 27 and 28 January, flooding reached Réaumur – Sébastopol and eventually Gare de l'Est: The line at its minimum was reduced to operating between Clignancourt and Gare du Nord and between Vavin and Porte d'Orleans. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. Au sud de Paris, le prolongement de la ligne 4 entre la Mairie de Montrouge et le futur terminus Bagneux â Lucie Aubrac, via la nouvelle station â¦ Le tableau ci-dessous liste les horaires des jours de semaine. Porte de Clignancourt â Mairie de Montrouge : 5h30 Mairie de Montrouge â Porte de Clignancourt : 5h30 Heure du dernier métro Ligne 4. Though many MP 59 trains operated on Line 4 for roughly 45 years, those trains that were brought over from Line 1 during the late 1990s have circulated throughout the Metro for about 50 years. But the value in serving three major mainline stations by the line later led to the abandonment of this proposal.[4]. On 26 January Châtelet station and the crossing under the river was completely flooded and slowly rose in the tunnel. In the early 1960s these two lines were the two busiest on the network, with loads of 140% of capacity during the evening peak. Horaires premier et dernier métro ligne 14. [2] The new route also has more coherence as a north–south route following the main traffic flows. The method used for crossing under the river is that of metal caissons, twenty to forty meters in length mounted on the banks and sunken vertically in the river bed. A second modification of the route was also made: it was decided to make a temporary deviation via the major station of Gare Montparnasse to avoid a further delay in opening the line, which was eagerly awaited. Porte de Clignancourt â Mairie de Montrouge : 0h46 Mairie de Montrouge â Porte de Clignancourt : 0h47 On 2 April 2013, the RATP confirmed that Line 4 would be fully automated, but stopped short of giving a timeline of the conversion. The changeover took place on three consecutive nights from 10 pm on Friday, 30 September 1977 to the beginning of services on Monday, 3 October. [16] In January 2016, Siemens was awarded a €70 million contract to fully automate Line 4. Since that time, no other extension plan was brought up. Line 4 was the first line to connect the Right and Left Banks of Paris via an underwater tunnel, built between 1905 and 1907. On considère que le Métro de Bruxelles est composé de 6 lignes différentes même sâil sâagit en réalité de 4 lignes de métro et de 2 lignes de métro léger (qui sâapparentent finalement à un tramway). Each caisson gradually sank to its final position as the ground below it was removed. Mise en circulation prévue mi-2021. The RATP was satisfied by experimentation with rubber tyres on Line 11 beginning in 1956. Elle fut rouverte en 1909 sans être [â¦] Barbès and the Goutte d'Or and their African and Asian influences. un véritable bistro parisien qui vous fait voyager dans le sud de la France grâce à ses spécialités régionales ! Horaires dernier métro de Paris ligne 4. Métro de Paris Ligne 2 la ligne 2 du métro de Paris relie les stations de Porte Dauphine jusquâà la station de Nation. The southern section was opened 30 in October 1909 from Porte d'Orleans to Raspail. Construction of the extension began in 2008 and it opened to passengers on 23 March 2013 [1] [2]. Line 4 (French pronunciation: [liÉ²áµ katÊáµ]) is one of the sixteen lines of the Paris Métro rapid transit system. Track 3 of station Porte d'Orléans will eventually be dismantled and covered over to make way for a new access point into the station. An extension to the north to the "docks" of Saint-Ouen (an urban redevelopment project next to the Seine) via Mairie de Saint-Ouen (where Line 4 would connect to Line 13's St. Denis branch and the future northern extension of Line 14) was planned for phase 1 (2007–2013) of the Schéma directeur de la région Île-de-France ("Master Plan for the Île-de-France region", SDRIF), which was adopted by resolution of the Regional Council of Ile-de-France on 25 September 2008. The line's MP 59 fleet included 556 carriages, comprising 376 powered carriages and 180 trailers. Horaires premier et dernier métro ligne 4, 25€ de réduction immédiate et 9€ supplémentaire, Parking Futuroscope gratuit: 2 parkings possibles. The route was the subject of lengthy discussions that delayed the start of construction of the tunnel. The new station officially opened to passengers on 23 March 2013, allowing one to travel from Montrouge to Clignancourt in 30 minutes. The northern stream of the Seine required three caissons, the southern stream two caissons. Prior to 2013, when the southern terminus was changed from Porte d'Orléans to Mairie de Montrouge, the line was sometimes referred to as the Clignancourt – Orléans Line. The shop is also specialized in the review of electronic equipment of all network hardware. La ligne 4 du métro de Wuhan est une ligne du métro de Wuhan, en Chine, inaugurée en 2013 comptant 37 stations pour une longueur totale de 48,6 kilomètres. [8], Postcard explaining the construction of the crossing under the Seine by the use of pressurised sunken caissons, Sinking of a caisson in the narrow (southern) stream of the Seine in 1906, Sinking of the central caisson in the northern stream of the Seine, Work sites in the Place Saint-Michel and Boulevard Saint-Andre before the sinking. Mais elle est loin dâêtre sur les rails. This page was last edited on 17 October 2020, at 15:51. Le service est prolongé d’une heure tous les vendredis, samedis et veilles de fêtes : il faut donc ajouter 1h aux derniers trains dans le tableau ci-dessous pour ces jours-là (vous pourrez rentrer 1h plus-tard sans avoir à prendre de taxi…).